1-22-18

1-22-18

crops are spreading long distances long before Columbus

Garamantes
map showing Africa during the
Roman empire

spread of sugar cane

note the focus here is on subsistence crops as well as on cash crops

even subsistence crops are global

note ability of Africans to adapt crops

note changing environment

Slavery in Africa before the slave trade

slavery of captives in war and deptors was expected in the ancient world, but their children were generally not slaves
also in Africa where it was part of most more advanced societies, though slaves had some rights
African (and some European) slaves were imported into the Arab world starting in the 9th century, but they were often more like indentured servants