• http://pammack.sites.clemson.edu/lec122sts/hobsbawm7.html
• not just grain and saw mills and textile factories but also paper mills, nails, tools, gunpowder, linseed oil...
• water power was plentiful--in some cases it was developed but no customers were found
  
• mills needed canals for water power and transportation

du Pont gunpowder works at the Hagley Museum

Industry was still on a small scale

• average employees in the late 1850s in Massachusetts, 27, in New York and Pennsylvania, 10
• except in the largest factories, owners knew their workers personally
• after the 1840s more things were made in specialized factories

The south chose a different path of industrial development

• large scale water power was further from the coast, in the Piedmont, and even then more variable
• capital for new developments was hard to find in the south
• plantations were on a large enough scale to be more self-sufficient in producing tools
• Nye talks about Solomon Northup, the hero of the movie 12 Years a Slave, as an example of the entrepreneurial workers more common in the north
• Nye argues "the economy of slavery simply did not maximize production." (p. 57)
• in the north, industrialists supported public schools because they wanted workers who could read and write
• slavery was profitable, but northern industry even more so

Canals--see notes linked above

consumer economy:

• by the 1850s conspicuous consumption was common for the middle class
• with more goods available cheaply middle class women did more buying and managing and less production