Wrigley 5
a survey of the impact of the industrial revolution on
workers: http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/facultypages/pammack/lec122sts/hobsbawm4.html
For the industrial revolution to continue, it needed an
increasing supply of energy, and also an increasing supply of
workers
movement of people towards the city happened early
before the industrial revolution population in most counties
was directly proportional to the amount of farmland
that changed as the proportion of the population employed in
agriculture declined from 70% (1600) to 40% (1800)
1600-1851: counties with cities grew 607%, industrial counties
724%, agricultural 141%
table on page 124: notice that people began to move from
agricultural counties to industrial counties in large numbers
after 1800
historians have argued that wages didn't go up before the
1830s yet sales of consumer goods increased
there were 3 farm laborers for every farmer and they made very
little money, so if the percentage of people working in
agriculture goes down average income will go up
income elasticity of demand (as income increases how will the
demand for various goods increase)
- as people have more money, they don't
continue to spend the same amount on food
- sectors:
- primary: production from the earth, so
includes both agriculture and mining
- secondary: manufacture of finished goods,
whether in factories or by craftspeople
- tertiary: services, including
transportation and clerks in retail stores as well as
barbers, doctors...
- as income increases people first spend more on goods,
then on services
- first manufacture and then the tertiary
sector become a larger and larger part of the economy
agricultural laborers moved from nearby farms to jobs in the
city
laborers from farther away took their jobs
people moved for better jobs as a result of the growth of
factories, not because their farm jobs had disappeared
to have continued economic growth:
- you need to not run out of food for a growing population
- you need to not run out of energy (coal answered this)
- you need to not run out of consumer demand (they need to
be able to afford those goods and also want them--consumer
revolution)
- you need to not run out of workers
- innovation for new products and new industries to
invest in