• forests are a crop, a renewable resource
  
• focus on regeneration (leave seed trees)
  

Turning point: Forest Reserve Act of 1891, eventually became the Forest Service

Choctawatchee National Forest was an unsuccessful experiment in regeneration

• suppression of fire
• conservation of turpentine trees
• tried to plant maritime pine
  

Turned to other pines (loblolly and straw) because longleaf was too slow
meanwhile hardwoods grew up

new pulp for paper industry made good use of densely planted young pines

• Charles Hertley saw that the problem of resin from pine trees could be solved by cutting the trees young, no more than 20 years old
• plant densely and then thin the forest for pulp