Earley 6

naval stores (the umbrella term for several products made from pine trees) were the pre-19th century equivalent of oil

• "trees which could supply the English Navy with enough tar and pitch to make our Queen the ruler of the seas." Philip Amandas in 1584, quoted on 86
• pitch to keep ships from leaking and to prevent marine creatures from harming the hull
  
• to preserve and stiffen rope it was soaked in tar

Different products and methods of production

• you can tap live pine trees or collect dead wood--very different ways of using the forest
  
• turpentine had long been made by very primitive distillation of pine sap, leaving behind pitch for caulking or rosin if you made it more carefully
  
• tar was made from putting pine wood in a kiln and burning it slowly with little oxygen until the resin liquefied and could be collected. Used to preserve rope
  
• rosin was made from resin from live trees
• the main source for Europe was pine forests around the Baltic sea
• in Sweden tar was made by first stripping the trees of bark and letting them die for a year
• in North Carolina it was made by collecting already dead wood, longleaf pine had the most resin
  

Note the two different processes, making turpentine by tapping live trees and tar from dead wood (preferably lightwood, wood that has become saturated with resin

A cord of wood would make a 32 gallon barrel of tar and charcoal that could also be sold

Turpentine has to be distilled--next chapter